Which theory focuses on self-control as a central factor in explaining deviance and drug abuse?

• A. Social control theory
• B. Self-control theory
• C. Social learning and subculture theory
• D. Anomie theory

Answer: (B)

At its core, this theory says that a single personal trait—self-control—drives deviant behavior, including drug use. People with high self-control tend to delay gratification, think ahead, and avoid risky or impulsive actions, which lowers the likelihood of engaging in harmful or illegal activities. Those with low self-control act on immediate impulses, seek quick thrills, and may ignore long-term consequences, making them more prone to deviance and substance abuse. Because self-control is learned early in life through parenting and socialization and remains relatively stable over time, it helps explain why some individuals repeatedly engage in deviant behaviors across different contexts, including drug experimentation or dependence.

This focus on an individual capacity differentiates it from theories that emphasize bonds to conventional society (likeAttachment or commitment), learning processes from peers or subcultures, or structural strain from goal–means gaps. The self-control perspective centers on regulating impulses as the primary driver of deviant acts.